Généralités sur la science

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  Uranium 2009 : ressources, production et demande

  Collectif

  • OECD
  • 3612225183405

  Release : 3 March 2011 - Entry pnb : 9 December 2015

  Avec la construction de centrales nucléaires dans plusieurs pays et des projets de construction additionnels pour répondre à la demande croissante d'électricité, les ressources en uranium, sa production et la demande y afférentes suscitent toujours un intérêt notable. Au vu de l'augmentation projetée de la demande d'uranium et de la diminution des stocks, l'industrie de l'uranium, premier maillon critique dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement en combustible pour les réacteurs nucléaires, accroît sa production, et des projets de capacités supplémentaires sont prévus dans un futur proche. Cependant, des conditions de marché fortes seront nécessaires pour déclencher les investissements requis pour satisfaire la demande projetée.
  Le « Livre rouge », préparé conjointement par l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire et l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique, est un ouvrage de référence de notoriété mondiale. Il se fonde sur des données officielles communiquées par 40 pays, dont les principaux producteurs et consommateurs d'uranium. Cette 23e édition présente les résultats d'un examen approfondi de l'offre et de la demande mondiale d'uranium au 1er janvier 2009, ainsi que des données sur l'exploration mondiale de l'uranium, les ressources, la production et les besoins des réacteurs. Elle est enrichie de nombreuses informations nouvelles en provenance de tous les grands centres de production au niveau mondial, ainsi que des pays développant de tels centres pour la première fois. Des projections de la capacité de production nucléaire et les besoins en uranium des centrales jusqu'en 2035 sont également présentées ainsi qu'une analyse des questions relatives à l'offre et à la demande d'uranium à long terme
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  Inspired by technology, driven by pedagogy - a systemic approach to technology-based school innovati

  Collectif

  • OECD
  • 3612225180381

  Release : 4 October 2010 - Entry pnb : 9 December 2015

  This report highlights key issues to facilitate understanding of how a systemic approach to technology-based school innovations can contribute to quality education for all while promoting a more equal and effective education system. It focuses on the novel concept of systemic innovation, as well as presenting the emerging opportunities to generate innovations that stem from Web 2.0 and the important investments and efforts that have gone into the development and promotion of digital resources. It also shows alternative ways to monitor, assess and scale up technology-based innovations. Some country cases, as well as fresh and alternative research frameworks, are presented.
  Today, sufficient return on public investments in education and the ability to innovate are more important than ever. This was the conclusion of the international conference on "The School of Tomorrow, Today" organised by the OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation with the support of the Secretariat of Education of the State Santa Catarina (Brazil), in November 2009. The conference and this resulting report share the overall goal of addressing the issue of how education systems achieve technology-based innovations. Read more Close

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  Uranium 2009 : resources, production anddemand

  Collectif

  • OECD
  • 3612225180015

  Release : 21 July 2010 - Entry pnb : 9 December 2015

  
  With several countries currently building nuclear power plants and planning the construction of more to meet long-term increases in electricity demand, uranium resources, production and demand remain topics of notable interest. In response to the projected growth in demand for uranium and declining inventories, the uranium industry - the first critical link in the fuel supply chain for nuclear reactors - is boosting production and developing plans for further increases in the near future. Strong market conditions will, however, be necessary to trigger the investments required to meet projected demand.
  The "Red Book", jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency, is a recognised world reference on uranium. It is based on information compiled in 40 countries, including those that are major producers and consumers of uranium. This 23rd edition provides a comprehensive review of world uranium supply and demand as of 1 January 2009, as well as data on global uranium exploration, resources, production and reactor-related requirements. It provides substantive new information from major uranium production centres around the world, as well as from countries developing production centres for the first time. Projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related uranium requirements through 2035 are also featured, along with an analysis of long-term uranium supply and demand issues.
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  Korea - oecd reviews of innovation policy

  Collectif

  • OECD
  • 3612225182057

  Release : 21 July 2009 - Entry pnb : 9 December 2015

  This report assesses the current status of Korea's innovation system and policies, and identifies where and how the government should focus its efforts to improve the country's innovation capabilities. It finds that Korea has one of the highest rates of spending on R&D in the world, much of which is performed by private firms. It also has a highly educated labour force - as signalled by its impressive PISA performance and exceptionally high rates of tertiary level graduation - with a strong interest in science and technology.
  However, a number of bottlenecks persist that hamper Korea's economic convergence with the leading OECD economies. These include a relatively weak SME sector and weak performance in services, as well as lagging capacities to conduct leading-edge research in many areas. Furthermore, Korea faces numerous threats in the mid term, notably increased levels of competition from China and other newly-industrialising economies, the lowest fertility rate in the OECD and an ageing society, and a continuing high dependency on imports of natural resources, particularly hydrocarbons. In the shorter term, the economic crisis offers its own challenges, with the need for some policy adjustments to deal with expected falls in business investment in R&D and growing levels of unemployment among the highly skilled. Read more Close

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  Piracy of digital content

  Collectif

  • OECD
  • 3612225182002

  Release : 7 July 2009 - Entry pnb : 9 December 2015

  This book studies digital piracy - the infringement of copyrighted content (such as music, films, software, broadcasting, books, etc.) - where the end product does not involve the use of hard media, such as CDs and DVDs. It presents the unique economic properties of markets for pirated digital products, where the existence of a large number of suppliers willing to provide pirated content at virtually no cost poses new and difficult challenges to copyright owners and policy makers in combating that piracy. These economic features, together with rapid technological developments, create special and unique problems to policy makers and the large number of actors involved in different jurisdictions. This book also provides an illustrative, in-depth case study of the sports rights owners sector, highlighting how it is affected by digital piracy. Read more Close

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  Internet access for development

  Collectif

  • OECD
  • 3612225181012

  Release : 16 June 2009 - Entry pnb : 9 December 2015

  The Internet has been remarkably successful in developing greater opportunities for communication access - and economic growth and social development - for the first billion users. The majority of the next several billion users will be mainly from developing countries and will connect to the Internet principally via wireless networks. But there are substantial discrepancies in access to ICTs between developed and developing countries and also within countries, depending on factors such as gender, rural coverage, skills and educational levels.
  
  This book examines how the market for internet traffic exchange has evolved and explores the coherence of policies pursued by developed and developing countries. It notes the increasing innovation occurring in a number of developing countries with competitive markets and discusses how liberalisation has helped to expand of access networks and make ICT services increasingly affordable and available to the poor. The report also highlights the employment, micro-entrepreneurial and social development opportunities which have emerged as access levels have risen among low-income users. The study notes that gateway service monopolies - still in 70 countries - raise the prices for accessing international capacity and reduce the affordability of Internet access to business and end users. Read more Close

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